Memorial Site

Klooga concentration camp was a Nazi forced labor subcamp of the Vaivara concentration camp complex established in September 1943 in Harju County, during World War II, in German-occupied Estonia near the village of Klooga. The Vaivara camp complex was commanded by German officers Hans Aumeier, Otto Brennais and Franz von Bodmann and consisted of 20 field camps, some of which existed only for short periods.

This is the main memorial (as well as research/educational) centre in Norway about the camps for political prisoners, POWs and Jews that were established by the Nazis during Germany's occupation of Norway. The centre's scope goes somewhat beyond that narrower framework and also touches on other human rights issues and genocides of the post-WWII period.

The Holocaust Memorial and Tolerance Centre intends to prepare guided tours on a scientific basis that are better tailored to each target group, to extend what is already on offer with further programs such as seminars and knowledge archives and to thematize – besides Judaism and the Holocaust – tolerance and interconnection between people. A permanent exhibition shall serve as the basis for the centre and as a basis for the guided tours.

On the southern outskirts of Moscow in the settlement of Butovo lies a memorial complex where Soviet state security (NKVD) executed and buried more than 20,000 people in unmarked mass graves. Between 1937-38, thousands of “enemies of the people,” including labor camp prisoners, former tsarist officers, and members of the clergy, were murdered in this killing field during Stalin’s purges. Today, only a few posters, small monuments, and two Orthodox churches mark the site where so many Soviet citizens perished.

The Memoriale della Shoah is a Holocaust memorial at the Milano Centrale railway station commemorating the Jewish prisoners deported from there during the Holocaust in Italy. Jewish prisoners from the San Vittore Prison, Milan, were taken from there to a secret underground platform, Platform 21 (Italian: Binario 21), to be loaded on freight cars and taken on Holocaust trains to extermination camps, either directly or via other transit camps.

Walking through downtown Moscow, an attentive observer might occasionally notice small silver plaques attached to the entrances of apartment buildings. These memorials are part of the Last Address project commemorating the life and last residence of ordinary people murdered during Stalin’s purges. Inspired by the brass cobblestone project in Germany that pays tribute to Holocaust victims, each plaque contains a person’s name and the dates of his or her birth, arrest, execution, and rehabilitation.

The memorial is of metal shoes on the edge of the Danube. The Jews were ordered to take off their shoes, and were shot at the edge of the water so that their bodies fell into the river and were carried away. It represents their shoes left behind on the bank. The Fascist Arrow Cross militiamen carried out the shootings.

Mauthausen was declared a national memorial site in 1949. Bruno Kreisky, the Chancellor of Austria, officially opened the Mauthausen Museum on 3 May 1975, 30 years after the camp's liberation. A visitor centre was inaugurated in 2003, designed by the architects Herwig Mayer, Christoph Schwarz, and Karl Peyrer-Heimstätt, covering an area of 2,845 square metres (30,620 sq ft).